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Photo: Livioandronico2013, CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Archaeological site, 45 BC
Temple of Venus Genetrix
The main temple in the Forum of Julius Caesar at Rome
- Within the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura”
At a glance
- Type
- Archaeological site
- Period
- Antiquity, 45 BC
- Dedicated to
- Venus
- Coordinates
- 41°53′39″ N, 12°29′05″ E
History and description
The Temple of Venus Genetrix (Latin: Templum Veneris Genetricis) is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the founding goddess of the Julian gens. It was dedicated to the goddess on 26 September 46 BCE by Julius Caesar.
History
The forum and temple were perhaps planned as early as 54 BCE, and construction began shortly thereafter.
On the eve of the Battle of Pharsalus, Caesar vowed the temple to Venus Victrix. He eventually decided to dedicate the temple to Venus Genetrix, the mother of Aeneas, and thus the mythical ancestress of the Julian family. The Temple was dedicated on 26 September 46 BCE, the last day of Caesar's triumph. The forum and temple were eventually completed by Octavian.
The area was damaged by the fire in 80 CE. Later the temple was rebuilt by Domitian and was restored and rededicated by Trajan on 12 May 113 CE. It was then burned again in 283 CE, and again restored, this time by Diocletian. The three columns now visible belong to this later reconstruction.
Location and structure
The temple originally sat up against the saddle that joined the Capitoline Hill to the Quirinal Hill.
The temple was built of brick faced with marble and had eight columns (octastyle) on the facade, and also eight columns on each side. The columns were spaced one and a half diameters apart (pycnostyle). The ceiling of the temple was vaulted. There were some nontraditional elements in the design of the temple such as the height of the podium it sat upon and the method of accessing it.
Access to the cella was afforded by circulation through the flanking arches, up narrow stairs on either side, to a landing in front of the temple, from which several more steps extending the width of the facade conducted to the cella level.It was placed at the far end of the court enclosed by the Forum, a standard practice among the Romans.
Adornment
Items deposited inside the Temple included a statue of Venus Genetrix by Arcesilaus as well as statues of Julius Caesar. Numerous Greek paintings by Timomachus of Ajax and Medea, six collections of engraved gems, a breastplate decorated with pearls from Britannia, and a controversial golden statue of Queen Cleopatra as the goddess Isis once filled the Temple.
The Temple was styled in Corinthian order. This included carved mouldings, capitals, and entablature. One of the mouldings, the cyma moulding, has carved dolphins, shells, and tridents. These refer to Venus and the sea.
There were three fountain basins: one at the front of the façade and one on either corner of the Temple.
Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Full article: «Temple of Venus Genetrix».
Timeline
- 45 BCBuilt
People
Events and people from Wikidata (CC0).
Photos
Getting there
Roma TerminiTrain, nearest
1.6 km as the crow flies
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Aeroporto di Roma-Ciampino13.8 km
Distances are as the crow flies, not walking or driving.
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Nearby
See on the mapMore archaeological sites in Lazio
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Frequently asked questions
Where is Temple of Venus Genetrix?
Temple of Venus Genetrix is in Rome, in the province of Roma (Lazio), Italy. GPS coordinates: 41.89419, 12.48481.
How old is Temple of Venus Genetrix?
Wikidata dates it to 45 BC.
What else is there to see near Temple of Venus Genetrix?
Nearby you’ll find: Forum of Caesar (0 m away), Basilica Argentaria (0 m away), Porta Fontinalis (0 m away).
Sources and licences
Text. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Data. Wikidata (CC0); opening hours and contacts OpenStreetMap (ODbL).
Photos. Wikimedia Commons, author and licence on every image.
Credits for the 9 photos
- Remains of the temple in the Imperial Forums — Livioandronico2013, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Ionic frieze and architrave with lacunar ceiling from the Temple of Venus Genetrix — Reda Kerbush, CC BY-SA 4.0
- 2016 Temple of Venus Genitrix, Rome — Jordiferrer, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Forum of Julius Caesar and Temple of Venus Genitrix - Roman Forums - Rome 2016 — José Luiz, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Rom, der Tempel der Venus Genetrix — Dguendel, CC BY 3.0
- Rom 2015 - Venustempel — Michael Wittwer, CC BY-SA 4.0
- 2012-02-04 Snow on Imperial fora (2) in Rome — Barbaking, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Caput Mundi - panoramio — pietro scerrato, CC BY 3.0
- Carcere Mamertino din Roma1 — Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0
Updated 28 October 2026. All sources and licences