Rocca Borromeo di Angera

History

The origin of the Rocca traces back to an early medieval watchtower, around which the other parts of the building later developed. The tower belonged to the Milanese church, and in the 13th century, it was the refuge of Archbishop Leone da Perego after being forced to flee Milan by the city faction led by the Della Torre family.

The Della Torre were defeated by the Visconti family, leader of the party of the Milanese nobility, in the battle of Desio in 1277. Ottone Visconti, archbishop and first lord of Milan, expanded the fortress, adding a new wing today called the Ottonian or Visconti wing. After Ottone's death, the Viscontis took possession of the Rocca and other properties belonging to the Milanese church. They paid great attention to Angera because they considered it their legendary place of origin.

Entirely built in squared and smooth local stone, the Ottonian wing is an excellent example of 13th-century residential architecture. It has a front marked by simple narrow windows on the ground floor and mullioned windows on the upper floor. The body of the building was erected against the ancient keep, closing off the original access to the keep.

The Ottonian wing contains the Hall of Justice, decorated by an unknown painter with frescoes representing episodes from the life of Archbishop Ottone Visconti, his victory against the Della Torre, and the subsequent pacification of Milan. The frescoes were probably commissioned by Ottone's nephew, Matteo Visconti, to celebrate his memory.

They underline the magnanimity of Ottone Visconti and his will to peacefully obtain the city's government, as shown by the constant presence of the Christian cross above his head. Astrological symbols accompany Ottone's events in the upper part of the wall. The frescoes had to cover the six sides of the Hall of Justice to house all twelve zodiacal signs. A wall, whose frescoes have partly survived, shows the Wheel of Fortune to symbolize the alternation of events that saw the Della Torre pass from dominating the city of Milan to their defeat.

Between 1375 and 1385, for his wife Regina Della Scala, Bernabò Visconti built a third wing known as Ala Scaligera (Della Scala wing). …

Today

Rocca di Angera is today in excellent condition and opens for visitors. The internal courtyard (Corte Nobile) is the castle's first part after the entrance. The nearby former stables house a mighty winepress, considered one of the largest in Europe.

The Rocca is best known for the Hall of Justice with its significant frescos. Two other rooms are the Sala delle Cerimonie (Hall of the Ceremonies), with 15th-century frescoes recovered from the Palazzo Borromeo in Milan after the bombings of the Second World War, and the Sala dei Fasti Borromeo (Hall of the Borromean Splendors), containing paintings glorifying the Borromeo family.

The castle also contains a Museo della Bambola e del Giocattolo (Museum of the Doll and Toy), founded in 1988 by Princess Bona Borromeo Arese, displaying over a thousand dolls from all over the world made between the 18th century and the present day. The keep offers a broad view of the southern Lake Maggiore region.

Externally, toward the lake, a medieval garden stands with medicinal plants, aromatic herbs, and a vineyard.